In the old religions of mankind we find views on the human being that point to the universal human being who was already there in the beginning as a divine concept, but who has to develop into a free, wise, skillful
homo universalis who has a realized self-knowledge. In order to come to this realization, evil forces have to be conquered. In Krishna we saw the powerful
'Godman'. In a later time a great teacher and prophet emerged in the Persian people:
Zarathustra. In his religious spiritual view on the world and mankind we find a dualism, the opposition of good and evil, as well as a monism in which all dualism has been conquered. The exact data of his life are unknown: There are opinions that he lived around 1000 BC, but also that he lived around 600 BC. In the esoteric tradition his real genuine activity even has to be seen around 6000 BC, and the later appearances of Zarathustra must be seen as recurrences.
In these original teachings of Zarathustra he taught mankind that nature has the power to lower the human being and the whole of living beings, degenerate him to lower and lower stages. This power belongs to a being that he called 'Ahriman'. But man also has a power himself that is supernatural, through which he can bring himself on ever higher levels, and by doing so, he also brings the whole nature to higher levels. The wild animals lose their wildness, for instance. This power also comes from a being, and Zarathustra called it 'Great Aura', that is Ahura Mazdao. Mankind is placed in this dualism.
But he gave another teaching for the initiates. That was the monism of Zarathustra. In this view all opposites are in a higher meaning united in a 'Oneness'. For instance time. Time seems to be a forth going stream. But actually time is not a line, that is only what it seems to be. A line is a circle that finds its ends in eternity: it is a circle with an endless radius..., zaruana akarana, the uncreated time.
From the time that Zarathustra's incarnation is known (7th century BC), there are texts that have been preserved, for instance the Gathas. When we try to think and feel along with the words, we can feel the discipline that is needed to give the words meaning throughout the whole text.
An example is given here. I quote the first five verses of Yasna 28.
Yasna 28.
'I pray to Thee, O Mazda, with uplifted hands, and to thy Holy Spirit, first of all and hope that through truths and righteousness I would enjoy the light of wisdom and a clean conscience, thus bringing solace to the Soul of (Mother Earth) Creation.
I shall, verily, approach and succeed in seeing Thee, O Mazda Ahura (Lord of Wisdom and Creator of Life) through pure mind and enlightened heart. O, Creator, do grant me in both worlds, corporeal as well as spiritual, the recompense which can be achieved only through truthfulness and would make happy the faithful ones.
O, Mazda, O, Asha and Vohuman, (symbols of truth, purity, good thought and love towards humanity) I shall now sing songs which have not so far been heard by anyone. I hope that through Asha, Vohuman and ever-lasting Khashathra (symbols of strength and will of the Almighty), the faith and self-sacrifice would increase in our hearts. O, Almighty God, please accept our wishes, come at our call and grant us bliss.
I shall lead my soul towards heaven by pure thought, and being well aware of the blessings which the Almighty, Ahura, shall pour down upon good deeds, I shall teach the people to strive for truth and follow righteousness.
O, Asha, the symbol of truthfulness and purity, when shall I see thee? O, Vohuman, the symbol of good thought, shall I be able to recognize Thee through heavenly knowledge and true wisdom? Would I be able to approach the Wise and Mighty Lord of Life by obeying Sraosha, the voice of Conscience. May I be able to guide those who have gone astray towards the highest path, i.e. the path of truth and monotheism, through sacred words and eloquence of speech.
Here we can experience the threefold qualities of the six geniuses, the 'Amshaspands': truth, purity and good thought, and love towards humanity. Zarathustra gives the names of six geniuses, the other six are hidden. The twelve are the living beings who are the 'twelve categories of concepts'.
The complete text can be found on internet: http://www.avesta.org/yasna/
Ashu Zarathustra with King Vishtaspa (Shah Goshtasp).Zarathustra by Mieke Mosmuller